You are quite familiar with the natural vegetation of some climatic regions you have studied. You know that the natural vegetation in any region is largely dependent on temperature and rainfall, besides altitude and soil. Hence with such a diversity of climatic types, Asia is bound to have many vegetation types too. In fact, almost every known major climatic type and its corresponding vegetation occurs in Asia.
Indonesia, Malaysia and parts of Sri Lanka have an equational type of climate i.e., uniformly hot and wet throughout the year. Due to the heat and plentiful moisture, the vegetation grows abundantly and rapidly, creating impenetrable forests called evergreen Rain Forest called evergreen rain forests. The trees, like ebony, mahogany and rosewood, are tall with branches spreading wide at the top. There is a great variety of trees of various heights. These forests have been cleared from most of the coastal regions of these countries for plantations of rubber, coffe, coconut and cocoa.
India, South East Asia and parts of China have the typical Monsoon climate, distinct summer rain and a dry winter. Due to this dry winter, the forests here are less dense than those in the Equatorial region. They are the Monsoon forsts and here the vegetation is thick where the rainfall is heavy.
With a decrease in rainfall though, the forests thin out into scattered trees of acacia, and tall grasses scrub vegetation. Trees are mainly deciduous i.e. they shed their leaves in the dry winter season e.g., teak, sal, deodar. Much of these forests have been cleared for cultivation of various crops, especially rice. A variant of this is the warm temperate forest with valuable reserves of oak, camellia, magnolia, camphor, bamboo and mulberry.
Most of central and south West Asia have a desert type of climate i.e., hot summers and cool winters with scanty or hadly any rain. Due to lack of moisture, the vegatation consists of tough grass, thorny bushes and bulbous plants. This is the desert Vegetation –xerophytes. Wherever oases and rivers make irrigation possible, wheat and some dry weather crops are cultivated.
Southers siberia has a steppe type of climate i.e, warn summer, cold winters and a little rain. Due to scarcity of moisture and comparatively less heat, grass grows everywhere without trees to be seen. This is the steppe vegetation. Most of this vegetation has been cleared here to cultivate wheat and cotton on a large scale.
Part of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel, have a Mediterranean type of climate i.e , hot dry summers and mild west winters. In order to adapt to the hot, dry summers, the vegatation of these areas consists of trees and shrubs which have small. Waxy, dark leaves and deep roots. This type of vegetation is called Evergreen Mediterranean for esta. Large Areas of this vegetation have been cleared for fruit farming.
The central part of the Siberian plain has a cool temperate type of climate-short warm summers and long cold winters. Due to the cold and short summer season, the trees have thick barks and nnedle shaped leaves. This is the coniferous forest or Taiga with softwood trees like the spruce, fir, cedar, larch and pine. Large areas of forest have the same variety of trees and here lumbering is carried out commercially as the trees provide valuable timber.
The norhern strip of the Siberian Plain has the Tundra type of climate, i.e., very short mild summers and long frozen winters. The bare rocky surface of the plain is broken by patshes of mosses and lichens and short lived arctic flowers during the 2 to 3 summer months of the year. For the rest of the year, the surface remains ice bound.
Wildlife
The Asian continent with its varied vegetation has been the home of many species of birds and animals. The dense equatorial forests and the monsoon forests are inhited by tigers, monkeys, rhinoceroses, elephants, wild boar, deer, crocodiles, a variety of snakes and lizards and many birds and insects, all suited to this hot, wet habitat.
The elk, brown bear, wolf, lynx, rats and some wild cats are to be found in the coniferous forestys, though their numbers are fast depleting as they are being hunted and trapped for their furs and skins. The same applies to the steppe grasslands which once were the home for a variety of fast footed animals like the horse, deer and gazelle. These grasslands are being cleared, and the wildlife here is on the decline.
Yak in the Tibetan Plateau, and mules and camel in the desert belts, also constitute the Asian wildlife. To the morth, reindeer, Arctic fox and wolves inhabit the Tundra during the short summers but as winter approaches they migrate to the warmer south. (taken From Sampuran Jeet & Leela Sachdev-Macmillan India)
Indonesia, Malaysia and parts of Sri Lanka have an equational type of climate i.e., uniformly hot and wet throughout the year. Due to the heat and plentiful moisture, the vegetation grows abundantly and rapidly, creating impenetrable forests called evergreen Rain Forest called evergreen rain forests. The trees, like ebony, mahogany and rosewood, are tall with branches spreading wide at the top. There is a great variety of trees of various heights. These forests have been cleared from most of the coastal regions of these countries for plantations of rubber, coffe, coconut and cocoa.
India, South East Asia and parts of China have the typical Monsoon climate, distinct summer rain and a dry winter. Due to this dry winter, the forests here are less dense than those in the Equatorial region. They are the Monsoon forsts and here the vegetation is thick where the rainfall is heavy.
With a decrease in rainfall though, the forests thin out into scattered trees of acacia, and tall grasses scrub vegetation. Trees are mainly deciduous i.e. they shed their leaves in the dry winter season e.g., teak, sal, deodar. Much of these forests have been cleared for cultivation of various crops, especially rice. A variant of this is the warm temperate forest with valuable reserves of oak, camellia, magnolia, camphor, bamboo and mulberry.
Most of central and south West Asia have a desert type of climate i.e., hot summers and cool winters with scanty or hadly any rain. Due to lack of moisture, the vegatation consists of tough grass, thorny bushes and bulbous plants. This is the desert Vegetation –xerophytes. Wherever oases and rivers make irrigation possible, wheat and some dry weather crops are cultivated.
Southers siberia has a steppe type of climate i.e, warn summer, cold winters and a little rain. Due to scarcity of moisture and comparatively less heat, grass grows everywhere without trees to be seen. This is the steppe vegetation. Most of this vegetation has been cleared here to cultivate wheat and cotton on a large scale.
Part of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel, have a Mediterranean type of climate i.e , hot dry summers and mild west winters. In order to adapt to the hot, dry summers, the vegatation of these areas consists of trees and shrubs which have small. Waxy, dark leaves and deep roots. This type of vegetation is called Evergreen Mediterranean for esta. Large Areas of this vegetation have been cleared for fruit farming.
The central part of the Siberian plain has a cool temperate type of climate-short warm summers and long cold winters. Due to the cold and short summer season, the trees have thick barks and nnedle shaped leaves. This is the coniferous forest or Taiga with softwood trees like the spruce, fir, cedar, larch and pine. Large areas of forest have the same variety of trees and here lumbering is carried out commercially as the trees provide valuable timber.
The norhern strip of the Siberian Plain has the Tundra type of climate, i.e., very short mild summers and long frozen winters. The bare rocky surface of the plain is broken by patshes of mosses and lichens and short lived arctic flowers during the 2 to 3 summer months of the year. For the rest of the year, the surface remains ice bound.
Wildlife
The Asian continent with its varied vegetation has been the home of many species of birds and animals. The dense equatorial forests and the monsoon forests are inhited by tigers, monkeys, rhinoceroses, elephants, wild boar, deer, crocodiles, a variety of snakes and lizards and many birds and insects, all suited to this hot, wet habitat.
The elk, brown bear, wolf, lynx, rats and some wild cats are to be found in the coniferous forestys, though their numbers are fast depleting as they are being hunted and trapped for their furs and skins. The same applies to the steppe grasslands which once were the home for a variety of fast footed animals like the horse, deer and gazelle. These grasslands are being cleared, and the wildlife here is on the decline.
Yak in the Tibetan Plateau, and mules and camel in the desert belts, also constitute the Asian wildlife. To the morth, reindeer, Arctic fox and wolves inhabit the Tundra during the short summers but as winter approaches they migrate to the warmer south. (taken From Sampuran Jeet & Leela Sachdev-Macmillan India)
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